2024.07.14

HPV Associated Cancers and Vaccinations

COMMUNITY HEALTH FOCUS

What is HPV?

The human papillomavirus is a highly contagious virus and the most common sexually transmitted infection around the world. It can lead to six different types of cancers:

  • Cervical
  • Vulvar
  • Vaginal
  • Penile
  • Anal
  • Head and Neck

Who is Impacted by HPV?

Both men and women can be impacted by HPV. Head and neck cancer is the most common HPV-related cancer in Canada, and the incidence of HPV-associated head and neck cancer is almost 5x’s higher in males than in females. Currently, more men are being diagnosed with HPV oropharyngeal cancer than women with cervical cancer. Oropharyngeal cancers have traditionally been caused by tobacco and alcohol, but recent studies show that about 25-35% of cancers of the oropharynx may be linked to human papillomavirus (HPV).

Are HPV-associated Cancers Preventable?

Yes. Canada has announced a target of cervical cancer elimination by 2040, which is achievable through improved HPV vaccination rates, implementing HPV primary screening and then the follow-up of abnormal screening results.

HPV Vaccination

HPV vaccination is recommended for all males and females aged 9 to 26 years, or any age with ongoing risk of exposure to HPV.

In Ontario, All students in Grade 7 can get the HPV vaccine for free in their school. Public health units plan and organize immunization clinics at schools throughout the year. In most cases parents or guardians must sign a consent form before a student will be vaccinated. 

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There is no upper age limit to be vaccinated and to have the benefit of decreased risk. Increasing awareness for early detection of signs and symptoms of HPV cancers is helpful, but prevention is better and carries a greater impact.

Is Screening Available for HPV Associated Head and Neck Cancers?

Unfortunately, unlike cervical cancer, there is no routine screening program for HPV-associated head and neck cancers. The problem with this kind of cancer is that it is difficult for patients to know they have early HPV-associated cancers, and it’s difficult for physicians to detect it, as there can be no obvious malignancy for years.

HPV Quick Facts

CARING FOR THE ENVIRONEMENT. TOGETHER.

  • HPV infection can cause the following six cancers: head and neck, cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal and penile.
  • HPV-associated cancers affect both males and females.
  • All HPV-related cancers are increasing, except cervical cancer.
  • Routine screening programs exist only for cervical cancers. Other HPV-associated cancers are often detected late, when local or invasive signs and symptoms are recognized.
  • HPV vaccines are effective preventative interventions against HPV-associated cancers.
  • Talk to your doctor or ask us at Jade Dental about information on the HPV vaccination for you and your family members. If you were not immunized against HPV in school, it is not too late; and even if you have had a diagnosis, for example, of cervical cancer; the HPV vaccination decreases your risk of recurrence.
  • It’s important to look for these three key signs and symptoms of an HPV oropharyngeal cancer:
    • Radiating pain to the ear (otalgia)
    • Lump in the neck
    • Change in your voice
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